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Orthopedic Applications

     Orthopedic pain syndrome tracer assessment:  A process in which the center of mass (com) creates a tracer pattern over the base of support (feet and assistive device as applicable) of a person’s walking or running using two insoles feedback device. The pattern is analyzed for asymmetry to assist with identifying imbalance or dysfunction of the spine and legs including: leg length, muscle weakness, muscle imbalance, postural or alignment imbalance and/or movement behavioral dysfunction. The results of the baseline analysis are used to provide correction of the dysfunction as indicated.  The pattern is then reassessed for restoration of symmetry. Once restored, the pain syndrome (back pain, leg pain, knee pain, hip pain, foot pain or other pain syndrome) may be mitigated or resolve completely. A result of symmetry  of the mechanics of the body.  

     

 

The series of images below, was from a patient case back in 2018 when Therapy in Motion was exploring ways to use the tracer pattern in helping to assess and treat orthopedic problems.  This patient was in her mid-thirties and healthy.  She was trying to train for a marathon.  She reported that consistently between 3 - 6 miles she would develop anterior right knee pain.  She attempted new shoes, orthotics, consulted PT, Orthopedic specialists, and so forth with no resolution.  They could not find anything to explain the anterior knee pain.  This patient asked if the technology I was working on would be able to help.  I did not know, but I said lets do a full physical exam and then test you walking and running and see if we find something.  As per all the other clinicians, a physical exam yielded no imbalances or problems.  The walking image looked to be within normal parameters. 

     The technology was rudimentary compared to today's imaging, but at the time the walking tracer pattern was symmetrical and she had no complaints while walking (Figure 1).  The second image is that of the patient running while on the treadmill(Figure 2).  There was a consistent lack of right heel strike vs the  left side.  The asymmetry was very subtle. but distinct and consistent.  Visually and with  careful measuring procedure this PT like so many others could not consistently measure a leg length difference.  This PT suggested that the difference is so small that the tracer pattern was the only thing that may have picked up the leg length  difference.  We tried a 3 millimeter lift and retested ( Figure 3).  The patient reported no pain.  She even picked up the pace, but there was symmetry.  

     I suggested she train this weekend.  9 - 12 miles as was on her training schedule.  The next meeting, three days later, she reported no pain for 11 miles(she ran 11 miles).  She went on to train for and complete the marathon in the autumn of 2018 without any complaints of pain or limitation.  To this day she stills has a 3 millimeter lift in her shoe for running.

    

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Figure 1
Early Example of Bowtie Image (Normal)

Figure 2
Right Leg: 3-4 mm short
Running Tracer Pattern

Figure 3
Right Leg Corrected with a 3 mm heal lift
Running Tracer Pattern

Sacroiliac/Low back pain - Assessment and treatment

 The next example of the Envision system was to address A chronic and long standing SIJ/low back pain.  The left side of the patient's "tailbone" (sacrum) was painful with low grade low back pain for 20 plus years.  Many visits to doctors and therapists with no resolution.  I was asked to see if my technology could find "something".  Full disclosure, as a PT I did not perform a thorough assessment of the patient.  This was an example of a "watercooler consultation" and I even stated as much to the individual.  I was visiting family and was really just "curious".  The result of the Gait Tracer Pattern  was very significant.  

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Figure 4
SI/Low back pain
Gait Tracer Pattern

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Figure 5
SI/low back pain
Gait tracer pattern
after placement of 
right 4 mm heel lift

 

I was surprised at the rather significant asymmetry of the Gait Tracer Pattern (Figure 4).  It was so asymmetrical that the patient stated,  "Oh, that does not look like it would be good".  I had some clinic supplies in my car that I always carry with me.  I fitted the patient with a 4 mm lift and retested the GTP ( Figure 5). In addition to an immediate improvement in the symmetry of the gait pattern,  the patient reported a near complete resolution of the (L) SI/LBP.  The patient to this day wears a 4 - 5 mm right heel lift.  

The above cases are merely the "tip of the iceberg" in a manner of speaking.  Any diagnosis in rehabilitation can be addressed in term of assessment and guided treatment.  This might include ACL, post knee or hip replacement surgery,  complex or multiple site injury(s) all related to posture, standing, walking, balance or movement and control involving the LEs and trunk, including sports injuries.  

Orthopedic Application: Negative Feedback

       Orthopedic Negative feedback: The pressure sensors can be set and act to provide percentage of body weight(i.e. 10% 15%, 35%, etc.) and is designed to help the patient to limit the amount of weight placed upon the leg/foot. This function would act to warn the user when he has exceeded the maximum weight restriction of a fracture repair or post-surgical procedure. The visual is a foot icon with a red light (indicating “stop”), a negative tone and vibration.   The warning will not sound, if the maximum threshold for the patient's weight is not exceeded. The alarm sounds when the patient exceeds the specified weight limit.  Furthermore, the percentage of weight can be continuously monitored during the walking or standing activity.  The usefulness of this feedback is enormous.  The length of convalescence is frequently extended due to the practical issue of inability to prevent a prescribed level of weight bearing following surgery or trauma.  The default is non-weightbearing. This has a devastating impact on recovery. Frail individuals may have to wait months as a result of the non-weight-bearing default. They are at higher risk of developing complications.  Complete absence of weight to a healing fracture or surgery for an extended period of time deprives the patient from the benefits of Wolff’s law and may in fact increase the overall time to recover.  The costs are high in both terms of quality of life and financially.  In this video demonstration, a 160 lb. male receives auditory, visual and haptic feedback when he exceeds 25% of his body weight (the restriction).  Insoles are in his shoes. 

This video clip demonstrates the accuracy of the device 

Click to Learn More about Gait and Balance

This video clip is an exercise example of a 10% weight bearing on the right leg while using a walker 

Click to Learn More about Guided Therapy

Orthopedic Application: Positive Feedback

     Orthopedic positive feedback:  The pressure sensors can be set and act to provide percentage of body weight (0 – 100%) and is designed to help the patient to increase the amount of weight placed upon the leg or foot.  Any sensor can be activated alone or in any combination to encourage weight bearing in general or selectively to key anatomical regions of the foot complex.

     A minimal threshold would be set depending upon the need of the patient. The patient would be directed by and/or trained to meet and exceed the threshold. When the threshold is met or exceeded, a green light illuminates, positive or affirming tone sounds and vibration is felt (if selected). The threshold would be increased as indicated by the specific need of the patient.  A lower extremity reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) or complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) patient for example could greatly benefit from this type of feedback. 

     The illustration displays the patient’s first portion of the session from non-weighting due to severe pain to 16% (figure a) and figure b displays the progress in the sessions to 31% weightbearing (very rapidly) on part of the patient later in the session.  Figure C demonstrates the concept exercise video to encourage weight bearing onto a targeted leg.

Figure A:   
16% body weight facilitated
  

Figure B:   
31% body weight facilitated
 

Figure C: 
Exercise demonstration video taken from the Envision
guided physical therapy system

      Selective exercise to inhibit common neurological or orthopedic problems could be addressed with positive feedback.  For example, a neurological patient who over-supinates (common dysfunction) could train to activate the 1st metatarsal sensor or both the great toe and 1st metatarsal sensor.  This same set up could be used in an orthopedic scenario in which the patient has a history of chronic ankle sprains due to over supination to selectively target the evertor musculature. 

Figure D: 
Excessive turning out of the right ankle 

Figure: E:
  Positive feedback - activation of evertor muscles.

        Figure F: 
Demonstration video from the Envision system to treat the ankle  "turning out"

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